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Linking Words Part One :
Linking Words Part Two :
Linking Words : كلمات الربط أو أدوات الربط
Linking words are words that help us to connect ideas and sentences when we speak or write English.
Example :
Let’s take this 3 sentences:
- I bought a dog.
- I really wanted a pet.
- now I wish I hadn’t!
Using 2 linking words which are: Because & However we will link all the 3 previous sentences to make them as one sentence that have a clear meaning.
The result is 
I bought a dog because I really wanted a pet. However, now I wish I hadn’t!
إذا أدوات الربط، كما يعبر إسمها هي أدوات تستعمل للربط بين الجمل
وذلك من أجل الحصول على جملة واحدة مفهومة المعنى
So why do we use linking words 
We can use linking words to give examples, add information, summarise, sequence information, give a reason or result, or to contrast ideas.
وتستعمل أدوات الربط من أجل إضافة معلومة،
إعطاء أمثلة، توضيح سبب أو نتيجة…
Most commonly used Linking Words :
Giving examples: إعطاء أمثلة
The most common way to give examples is by using for example or for instance.
for example = for instance
من إجل عدم For instance إستعملو -Writing-لاعطاء أمثلة أثناء كتابة
عدة مرات For example استعمال
Example :
I prefer revising my lessons by visiting e-learning websites in the net, for instance Kezakoo.com is a rich website, you can find all the informations that you are looking for
Addition: الإضافة
| Linking words | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| And | و | He spoke English and French |
| Also | وكذلك | Ahmed, Bilal and Issam would also attend |
| Too | و أيضا | He loves his sisters, and his brothers too |
| As well | كذلك | He speaks English and French as well |
| Besides | بالإضافة إلى | Besides French, he speaks English |
| Not only … but…. also | ليس فقط………لكن……..ايضا. | The car not only is economical but also feels good to drive |
Contrasting: المقابلة أو المغايرة
| Linking words | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| But | لكن | He works hard, but he doesn’t earn much |
| However | مع ذلك | He works hard. However, he doesn’t earn much |
| Although | رغم | Although it was cold, she went out in shorts |
| Despite +noun In spite of +noun | رغم | Despite the cold (noun), she went out in shorts. In spite of the cold (noun), she went out in shorts. |
| Nevertheless | ومع ذلك | My salary is really low, nevertheless I find the work incredibly rewarding |
Expressing cause and result: التعبير عن السبب و النتيجة
| Linking words | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Because | لأن | Because it was raining, the match was postponed. The match was postponed, because it was raining. |
| Because of + noun Due to + noun | بسبب | Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed Due to the weather, the picnic was cancelled. |
| So | إذن | He had an exam, so he started revising |
| Therefore | إذن | You have an exam, therefore, you must revise your lessons |
| Consequently | نتيجة لذلك | I was sleeping, consequently, I didn’t hear the bell |
Sequencing ideas: التعبير على التسلسل أو التعاقب
| Linking words | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| First of all | أولا وقبل كل شيئ | First of all, I want you to listen carefully |
| Then | بعد ذلك | Read the examples, then do the same |
| Before | قبل أن | Read the question carefully before answering |
| After | بعد أن | After you answer the questions, make sure you didn’t forget anyone. |
| Later | بعد ذلك | A few hours later, he came back home. |
| While | بينما | While I was watching TV the phone rang |
| Once | حينما , بمجرد ما | Once you finish you can go |
| Suddenly | فجأة | I was walking, suddenly I noticed that someone is following me |
| As soon as | بمجرد ما | As soon as I have the information, I’ll tell you |
| At / In the end | في الأخير , أخيرا | In the end, his teacher asked him to stay in class |
Expressing purpose: التعبير على الهدف
| Linking words | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| To | ل, بهدف, بغية | To learn a new language, the best way is to read many books. |
| In order to | لكي,من أجل | She had to work full-time in order to earn a living for herself and her family. |
| So that | كي , لكي | I’ll go by car so that I can take more luggage. |
| For | من اجل | I wear these old trousers for painting. |
Exams exercises:
2016 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية
E. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
2. Despite being an expert, Jim couldn’t recover his files from his hard disk.
Although Jim …………………………
2015 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية
D. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (4 pts)
4. Taha Hussein was blind. Yet, he wrote a lot of books.
Although ………………………………
2014 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية
E. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (2 pts)
1. Rachid got a loan from the bank. He wanted to buy an apartment (in order to)
2. The meeting was canceled. The manager was sick. (because of)
–> Because of + noun
2017 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية
1. Ahmed joined his friends in the cafe. He wanted to watch the Champions league Final. (in order to)
2. Kate is just seventeen. She has written two books. (although)
2012 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية
E. JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (2 pts)
1. Many people learn computer skills. They want to get better jobs. (so as to)
2. Taoufik had family problems. He couldn’t concentrate on his work (because of)
2010 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية
2. Mr Parker was poor; However, he managed to educate his kids well.
Despite …………………..
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